
The following passage incorporates a properly credited indirect source. Upon investigating the primary source, you may find you disagree with the indirect source author’s analysis or methods. Whenever possible, consult primary sources and your sources’ sources yourself. Note that the second sentence is common knowledge, whereas the final sentence is clearly the opinion of the author.Īn indirect source is a source that cites some other work that you discuss in your text. In the paragraph below, citations are highlighted in yellow and signal phrases are in blue. Do not insert spaces between a bracketed citation and the punctuation that follows it.

If the sentence ends with a quotation, "close the quote, then place the citation between the quotation marks and the punctuation, like this”.Otherwise, bracketed citations are placed at the end of the phrase or sentence they cover, inside the punctuation, like this.Note: Do not, however, begin a sentence with a bracketed citation.Example: In contrast to, proposes an altogether different model. Bracketed citations can also be treated as source names themselves.

Example: Rejecting Abbott and Costello’s method, Laurel and Hardy propose an altogether different model for optimizing hat density.
